APG Patterns
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Accordion

A vertically stacked set of interactive headings that each reveal a section of content.

Demo

Single Expansion (Default)

Only one panel can be expanded at a time. Opening a new panel closes the previously open one.

An accordion is a vertically stacked set of interactive headings that each reveal a section of content. They are commonly used to reduce the need to scroll when presenting multiple sections of content on a single page.

Use accordions when you need to organize content into collapsible sections. This helps reduce visual clutter while keeping information accessible. They are particularly useful for FAQs, settings panels, and navigation menus.

Accordions must be keyboard accessible and properly announce their expanded/collapsed state to screen readers. Each header should be a proper heading element, and the panel should be associated with its header via aria-controls and aria-labelledby.

Multiple Expansion

Multiple panels can be expanded simultaneously using the allowMultiple prop.

Content for section one. With allowMultiple enabled, multiple sections can be open at the same time.

Content for section two. Try opening this while section one is still open.

Content for section three. All three sections can be expanded simultaneously.

With Disabled Items

Individual accordion items can be disabled. Keyboard navigation automatically skips disabled items.

This section can be expanded and collapsed normally.

This content is not accessible because the section is disabled.

This section can also be expanded. Notice that arrow key navigation skips the disabled section.

Open demo only →

Accessibility Features

WAI-ARIA Roles

Role Target Element Description
heading Header wrapper (h2-h6) Contains the accordion trigger button
button Header trigger Interactive element that toggles panel visibility
region Panel (optional) Content area associated with header (omit for 6+ panels)

WAI-ARIA Accordion Pattern (opens in new tab)

WAI-ARIA Properties

Attribute Target Values Required Configuration
aria-level heading 2 - 6 Yes headingLevel prop
aria-controls button ID reference to associated panel Yes Auto-generated
aria-labelledby region (panel) ID reference to header button Yes (if region used) Auto-generated

WAI-ARIA States

aria-expanded

Target button element
Values true | false
Required Yes
Change Trigger Click, Enter, Space
Reference aria-expanded (opens in new tab)

aria-disabled

Target button element
Values true | false
Required No
Change Trigger Only when disabled
Reference aria-disabled (opens in new tab)

Keyboard Support

Key Action
Tab Move focus to the next focusable element
Space / Enter Toggle the expansion of the focused accordion header
Arrow Down Move focus to the next accordion header (optional)
Arrow Up Move focus to the previous accordion header (optional)
Home Move focus to the first accordion header (optional)
End Move focus to the last accordion header (optional)

Arrow key navigation is optional but recommended. Focus does not wrap around at the end of the list.

Implementation Notes

Structure

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ [▼] Section 1                       │  ← button (aria-expanded="true")
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Panel 1 content...                  │  ← region (aria-labelledby)
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [▶] Section 2                       │  ← button (aria-expanded="false")
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ [▶] Section 3                       │  ← button (aria-expanded="false")
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

ID Relationships:
- Button: id="header-1", aria-controls="panel-1"
- Panel: id="panel-1", aria-labelledby="header-1"

Region Role Rule:
- ≤6 panels: use role="region" on panels
- >6 panels: omit role="region" (too many landmarks)

Accordion component structure with ID relationships

Source Code

Accordion.tsx
import { useCallback, useId, useRef, useState } from 'react';

/**
 * Accordion item configuration
 * @see https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/accordion/
 */
export interface AccordionItem {
  /** Unique identifier for the item */
  id: string;
  /** Content displayed in the accordion header button */
  header: React.ReactNode;
  /** Content displayed in the collapsible panel */
  content: React.ReactNode;
  /** When true, the item cannot be expanded/collapsed */
  disabled?: boolean;
  /** When true, the panel is expanded on initial render */
  defaultExpanded?: boolean;
}

/**
 * Props for the Accordion component
 *
 * @example
 * ```tsx
 * const items = [
 *   { id: 'section1', header: 'Section 1', content: 'Content 1', defaultExpanded: true },
 *   { id: 'section2', header: 'Section 2', content: 'Content 2' },
 * ];
 *
 * <Accordion
 *   items={items}
 *   headingLevel={3}
 *   allowMultiple={false}
 *   onExpandedChange={(ids) => console.log('Expanded:', ids)}
 * />
 * ```
 */
export interface AccordionProps {
  /**
   * Array of accordion items to display
   * Each item requires an id, header, and content
   */
  items: AccordionItem[];
  /**
   * Allow multiple panels to be expanded simultaneously
   * @default false
   */
  allowMultiple?: boolean;
  /**
   * Heading level for accessibility (h2-h6)
   * Should match the document outline hierarchy
   * @default 3
   */
  headingLevel?: 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6;
  /**
   * Enable arrow key navigation between accordion headers
   * When enabled: Arrow Up/Down, Home, End keys navigate between headers
   * @default true
   */
  enableArrowKeys?: boolean;
  /**
   * Callback fired when the expanded panels change
   * @param expandedIds - Array of currently expanded item IDs
   */
  onExpandedChange?: (expandedIds: string[]) => void;
  /**
   * Additional CSS class to apply to the accordion container
   * @default ""
   */
  className?: string;
}

export function Accordion({
  items,
  allowMultiple = false,
  headingLevel = 3,
  enableArrowKeys = true,
  onExpandedChange,
  className = '',
}: AccordionProps): React.ReactElement {
  const instanceId = useId();
  const buttonRefs = useRef<Record<string, HTMLButtonElement | null>>({});

  // Initialize with defaultExpanded items
  const [expandedIds, setExpandedIds] = useState<string[]>(() =>
    items.filter((item) => item.defaultExpanded && !item.disabled).map((item) => item.id)
  );

  const availableItems = items.filter((item) => !item.disabled);

  const handleToggle = useCallback(
    (itemId: string) => {
      const item = items.find((i) => i.id === itemId);
      if (item?.disabled) return;

      let newExpandedIds: string[];
      const isCurrentlyExpanded = expandedIds.includes(itemId);

      if (isCurrentlyExpanded) {
        newExpandedIds = expandedIds.filter((id) => id !== itemId);
      } else {
        if (allowMultiple) {
          newExpandedIds = [...expandedIds, itemId];
        } else {
          newExpandedIds = [itemId];
        }
      }

      setExpandedIds(newExpandedIds);
      onExpandedChange?.(newExpandedIds);
    },
    [expandedIds, allowMultiple, items, onExpandedChange]
  );

  const handleKeyDown = useCallback(
    (event: React.KeyboardEvent, currentItemId: string) => {
      if (!enableArrowKeys) return;

      const currentIndex = availableItems.findIndex((item) => item.id === currentItemId);
      if (currentIndex === -1) return;

      let newIndex = currentIndex;
      let shouldPreventDefault = false;

      switch (event.key) {
        case 'ArrowDown':
          // Move to next, but don't wrap (APG compliant)
          if (currentIndex < availableItems.length - 1) {
            newIndex = currentIndex + 1;
          }
          shouldPreventDefault = true;
          break;

        case 'ArrowUp':
          // Move to previous, but don't wrap (APG compliant)
          if (currentIndex > 0) {
            newIndex = currentIndex - 1;
          }
          shouldPreventDefault = true;
          break;

        case 'Home':
          newIndex = 0;
          shouldPreventDefault = true;
          break;

        case 'End':
          newIndex = availableItems.length - 1;
          shouldPreventDefault = true;
          break;
      }

      if (shouldPreventDefault) {
        event.preventDefault();
        if (newIndex !== currentIndex) {
          const newItem = availableItems[newIndex];
          if (newItem && buttonRefs.current[newItem.id]) {
            buttonRefs.current[newItem.id]?.focus();
          }
        }
      }
    },
    [enableArrowKeys, availableItems]
  );

  // Use role="region" only for 6 or fewer panels (APG recommendation)
  const useRegion = items.length <= 6;

  // Dynamic heading component with proper typing
  const headingTagMap = {
    2: 'h2',
    3: 'h3',
    4: 'h4',
    5: 'h5',
    6: 'h6',
  } as const;
  const HeadingTag = headingTagMap[headingLevel];

  return (
    <div className={`apg-accordion ${className}`.trim()}>
      {items.map((item) => {
        const headerId = `${instanceId}-header-${item.id}`;
        const panelId = `${instanceId}-panel-${item.id}`;
        const isExpanded = expandedIds.includes(item.id);

        const itemClass = `apg-accordion-item ${
          isExpanded ? 'apg-accordion-item--expanded' : ''
        } ${item.disabled ? 'apg-accordion-item--disabled' : ''}`.trim();

        const triggerClass = `apg-accordion-trigger ${
          isExpanded ? 'apg-accordion-trigger--expanded' : ''
        }`.trim();

        const iconClass = `apg-accordion-icon ${
          isExpanded ? 'apg-accordion-icon--expanded' : ''
        }`.trim();

        const panelClass = `apg-accordion-panel ${
          isExpanded ? 'apg-accordion-panel--expanded' : 'apg-accordion-panel--collapsed'
        }`.trim();

        return (
          <div key={item.id} className={itemClass}>
            <HeadingTag className="apg-accordion-header">
              <button
                ref={(el) => {
                  buttonRefs.current[item.id] = el;
                }}
                type="button"
                id={headerId}
                aria-expanded={isExpanded}
                aria-controls={panelId}
                aria-disabled={item.disabled || undefined}
                disabled={item.disabled}
                className={triggerClass}
                onClick={() => handleToggle(item.id)}
                onKeyDown={(e) => handleKeyDown(e, item.id)}
              >
                <span className="apg-accordion-trigger-content">{item.header}</span>
                <span className={iconClass} aria-hidden="true">
                  <svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" strokeWidth="2">
                    <polyline points="6 9 12 15 18 9" />
                  </svg>
                </span>
              </button>
            </HeadingTag>
            <div
              role={useRegion ? 'region' : undefined}
              id={panelId}
              aria-labelledby={useRegion ? headerId : undefined}
              className={panelClass}
            >
              <div className="apg-accordion-panel-content">{item.content}</div>
            </div>
          </div>
        );
      })}
    </div>
  );
}

export default Accordion;

Usage

Example
import { Accordion } from './Accordion';

const items = [
  {
    id: 'section1',
    header: 'First Section',
    content: 'Content for the first section...',
    defaultExpanded: true,
  },
  {
    id: 'section2',
    header: 'Second Section',
    content: 'Content for the second section...',
  },
];

function App() {
  return (
    <Accordion
      items={items}
      headingLevel={3}
      allowMultiple={false}
      onExpandedChange={(ids) => console.log('Expanded:', ids)}
    />
  );
}

API

AccordionProps

Prop Type Default Description
items AccordionItem[] required Array of accordion items
allowMultiple boolean false Allow multiple panels to be expanded
headingLevel 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 3 Heading level for accessibility
enableArrowKeys boolean true Enable arrow key navigation
onExpandedChange (ids: string[]) => void - Callback when expansion changes
className string "" Additional CSS class

AccordionItem

Property Type Required Description
id string Yes Unique identifier for the item
header ReactNode Yes Content for the accordion header
content ReactNode Yes Content for the accordion panel
disabled boolean No Disable the accordion item
defaultExpanded boolean No Initially expanded state

Testing

Tests verify APG compliance across keyboard interaction, ARIA attributes, and accessibility requirements. The Accordion component uses a two-layer testing strategy.

Testing Strategy

Unit Tests (Testing Library)

Verify the component's rendered output using framework-specific testing libraries. These tests ensure correct HTML structure and ARIA attributes.

  • ARIA attributes (aria-expanded, aria-controls, aria-labelledby)
  • Keyboard interaction (Enter, Space, Arrow keys)
  • Expand/collapse behavior
  • Accessibility via jest-axe

E2E Tests (Playwright)

Verify component behavior in a real browser environment across all frameworks. These tests cover interactions and cross-framework consistency.

  • Click interactions
  • Arrow key navigation
  • Home/End key navigation
  • ARIA structure validation in live browser
  • axe-core accessibility scanning
  • Cross-framework consistency checks

Test Categories

High Priority : APG Keyboard Interaction (Unit + E2E)

Test Description
Enter key Expands/collapses the focused panel
Space key Expands/collapses the focused panel
ArrowDown Moves focus to next header
ArrowUp Moves focus to previous header
Home Moves focus to first header
End Moves focus to last header
No loop Focus stops at edges (no wrapping)
Disabled skip Skips disabled headers during navigation

High Priority : APG ARIA Attributes (Unit + E2E)

Test Description
aria-expanded Header button reflects expand/collapse state
aria-controls Header references its panel via aria-controls
aria-labelledby Panel references its header via aria-labelledby
role="region" Panel has region role (6 or fewer panels)
No region (7+) Panel omits region role when 7+ panels
aria-disabled Disabled items have aria-disabled="true"

High Priority : Click Interaction (Unit + E2E)

Test Description
Click expands Clicking header expands panel
Click collapses Clicking expanded header collapses panel
Single expansion Opening panel closes other panels (default)
Multiple expansion Multiple panels can be open with allowMultiple

High Priority : Heading Structure (Unit + E2E)

Test Description
headingLevel prop Uses correct heading element (h2, h3, etc.)

Medium Priority : Disabled State (Unit + E2E)

Test Description
Disabled no click Clicking disabled header does not expand
Disabled no keyboard Enter/Space does not activate disabled header

Medium Priority : Accessibility (Unit + E2E)

Test Description
axe violations No WCAG 2.1 AA violations (via jest-axe/axe-core)

Low Priority : Cross-framework Consistency (E2E)

Test Description
All frameworks render React, Vue, Svelte, Astro all render accordions
Consistent ARIA All frameworks have consistent ARIA structure

Example Test Code

The following is the actual E2E test file (e2e/accordion.spec.ts).

e2e/accordion.spec.ts
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
import AxeBuilder from '@axe-core/playwright';

/**
 * E2E Tests for Accordion Pattern
 *
 * A vertically stacked set of interactive headings that each reveal
 * a section of content.
 *
 * APG Reference: https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/accordion/
 */

const frameworks = ['react', 'vue', 'svelte', 'astro'] as const;

// ============================================
// Helper Functions
// ============================================

const getAccordion = (page: import('@playwright/test').Page) => {
  return page.locator('.apg-accordion');
};

const getAccordionHeaders = (page: import('@playwright/test').Page) => {
  return page.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger');
};

// ============================================
// Framework-specific Tests
// ============================================

for (const framework of frameworks) {
  test.describe(`Accordion (${framework})`, () => {
    test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
      await page.goto(`patterns/accordion/${framework}/demo/`);
      await getAccordion(page).first().waitFor();

      // Wait for hydration to complete - aria-controls should have a proper ID (not starting with hyphen)
      const firstHeader = getAccordionHeaders(page).first();
      await expect
        .poll(async () => {
          const id = await firstHeader.getAttribute('aria-controls');
          // ID should be non-empty and not start with hyphen (Svelte pre-hydration)
          return id && id.length > 1 && !id.startsWith('-');
        })
        .toBe(true);
    });

    // ------------------------------------------
    // 🔴 High Priority: APG ARIA Structure
    // ------------------------------------------
    test.describe('APG: ARIA Structure', () => {
      test('accordion headers have aria-expanded attribute', async ({ page }) => {
        const headers = getAccordionHeaders(page);
        const firstHeader = headers.first();

        // Should have aria-expanded (either true or false)
        const expanded = await firstHeader.getAttribute('aria-expanded');
        expect(['true', 'false']).toContain(expanded);
      });

      test('accordion headers have aria-controls referencing panel', async ({ page }) => {
        const headers = getAccordionHeaders(page);
        const firstHeader = headers.first();

        // Wait for aria-controls to be set
        await expect(firstHeader).toHaveAttribute('aria-controls', /.+/);

        const controlsId = await firstHeader.getAttribute('aria-controls');
        expect(controlsId).toBeTruthy();

        // Panel with that ID should exist
        const panel = page.locator(`[id="${controlsId}"]`);
        await expect(panel).toBeAttached();
      });

      test('panels have role="region" when 6 or fewer items', async ({ page }) => {
        const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
        const headers = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger');
        const count = await headers.count();

        if (count <= 6) {
          const panels = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-panel');
          const firstPanel = panels.first();
          await expect(firstPanel).toHaveRole('region');
        }
      });

      test('panels have aria-labelledby referencing header', async ({ page }) => {
        const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
        const headers = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger');
        const count = await headers.count();

        // Only check aria-labelledby when role="region" is present (≤6 items)
        if (count <= 6) {
          const firstHeader = headers.first();

          // Wait for aria-controls to be set
          await expect(firstHeader).toHaveAttribute('aria-controls', /.+/);

          const headerId = await firstHeader.getAttribute('id');
          const controlsId = await firstHeader.getAttribute('aria-controls');
          const panel = page.locator(`[id="${controlsId}"]`);

          await expect(panel).toHaveAttribute('aria-labelledby', headerId!);
        }
      });
    });

    // ------------------------------------------
    // 🔴 High Priority: Click Interaction
    // ------------------------------------------
    test.describe('APG: Click Interaction', () => {
      test('clicking header toggles panel expansion', async ({ page }) => {
        const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
        // Use second header which is not expanded by default
        const header = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger').nth(1);

        // Wait for component to be interactive (hydration complete)
        await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');

        await header.click();

        await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
      });

      test('single expansion mode: opening one panel closes others', async ({ page }) => {
        // First accordion uses single expansion mode
        const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
        const headers = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger');

        // Wait for hydration - first header should be expanded by default
        const firstHeader = headers.first();
        await expect(firstHeader).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');

        // Click second header
        const secondHeader = headers.nth(1);
        await secondHeader.click();

        // Second should be open, first should be closed
        await expect(secondHeader).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
        await expect(firstHeader).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
      });
    });

    // ------------------------------------------
    // 🔴 High Priority: Keyboard Interaction
    // ------------------------------------------
    test.describe('APG: Keyboard Interaction', () => {
      test('Enter/Space toggles panel expansion', async ({ page }) => {
        const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
        // Use second header which is collapsed by default
        const header = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger').nth(1);

        // Wait for component to be ready
        await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');

        // Click to set focus (this also opens the panel)
        await header.click();
        await expect(header).toBeFocused();
        await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');

        // Press Enter to toggle (should collapse)
        await page.keyboard.press('Enter');
        await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');

        // Press Space to toggle (should expand)
        await page.keyboard.press('Space');
        await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
      });

      test('ArrowDown moves focus to next header', async ({ page }) => {
        const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
        const headers = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger');

        // Click to set focus
        await headers.first().click();
        await expect(headers.first()).toBeFocused();

        await page.keyboard.press('ArrowDown');

        await expect(headers.nth(1)).toBeFocused();
      });

      test('ArrowUp moves focus to previous header', async ({ page }) => {
        const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
        const headers = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger');

        // Click to ensure focus is properly set
        await headers.nth(1).click();
        await expect(headers.nth(1)).toBeFocused();

        await page.keyboard.press('ArrowUp');

        await expect(headers.first()).toBeFocused();
      });

      test('Home moves focus to first header', async ({ page }) => {
        const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
        const headers = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger');

        // Click to set focus
        await headers.nth(2).click();
        await expect(headers.nth(2)).toBeFocused();

        await page.keyboard.press('Home');

        await expect(headers.first()).toBeFocused();
      });

      test('End moves focus to last header', async ({ page }) => {
        const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
        const headers = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger');
        const count = await headers.count();

        // Click to set focus
        await headers.first().click();
        await expect(headers.first()).toBeFocused();

        await page.keyboard.press('End');

        await expect(headers.nth(count - 1)).toBeFocused();
      });
    });

    // ------------------------------------------
    // 🟡 Medium Priority: Disabled State
    // ------------------------------------------
    test.describe('Disabled State', () => {
      test('disabled header cannot be clicked to expand', async ({ page }) => {
        // Third accordion has disabled items
        const accordions = getAccordion(page);
        const count = await accordions.count();

        // Find accordion with disabled item
        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          const accordion = accordions.nth(i);
          const disabledHeader = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger[disabled]');

          if ((await disabledHeader.count()) > 0) {
            const header = disabledHeader.first();
            const initialExpanded = await header.getAttribute('aria-expanded');

            await header.click({ force: true });

            // State should not change
            await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', initialExpanded!);
            break;
          }
        }
      });

      test('arrow key navigation skips disabled headers', async ({ page }) => {
        // Find accordion with disabled item (third accordion)
        const accordions = getAccordion(page);
        const count = await accordions.count();

        for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) {
          const accordion = accordions.nth(i);
          const disabledHeader = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger[disabled]');

          if ((await disabledHeader.count()) > 0) {
            const headers = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger:not([disabled])');
            const firstEnabled = headers.first();

            // Click to set focus reliably
            await firstEnabled.click();
            await expect(firstEnabled).toBeFocused();

            await page.keyboard.press('ArrowDown');

            // Should skip disabled and go to next enabled
            const secondEnabled = headers.nth(1);
            await expect(secondEnabled).toBeFocused();
            break;
          }
        }
      });
    });

    // ------------------------------------------
    // 🟢 Low Priority: Accessibility
    // ------------------------------------------
    test.describe('Accessibility', () => {
      test('has no axe-core violations', async ({ page }) => {
        const accordion = getAccordion(page);
        await accordion.first().waitFor();

        const results = await new AxeBuilder({ page })
          .include('.apg-accordion')
          .disableRules(['color-contrast'])
          .analyze();

        expect(results.violations).toEqual([]);
      });
    });
  });
}

// ============================================
// Cross-framework Consistency Tests
// ============================================

test.describe('Accordion - Cross-framework Consistency', () => {
  test('all frameworks have accordions', async ({ page }) => {
    for (const framework of frameworks) {
      await page.goto(`patterns/accordion/${framework}/demo/`);
      await getAccordion(page).first().waitFor();

      const accordions = getAccordion(page);
      const count = await accordions.count();
      expect(count).toBeGreaterThan(0);
    }
  });

  test('all frameworks support click to expand', async ({ page }) => {
    for (const framework of frameworks) {
      await page.goto(`patterns/accordion/${framework}/demo/`);
      await getAccordion(page).first().waitFor();

      const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
      // Use second header which is not expanded by default
      const header = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger').nth(1);

      // Wait for the component to be interactive (not expanded by default)
      await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');

      // Click to toggle
      await header.click();

      // State should change to expanded
      await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
    }
  });

  test('all frameworks have consistent ARIA structure', async ({ page }) => {
    for (const framework of frameworks) {
      await page.goto(`patterns/accordion/${framework}/demo/`);
      await getAccordion(page).first().waitFor();

      const accordion = getAccordion(page).first();
      const header = accordion.locator('.apg-accordion-trigger').first();

      // Wait for hydration - aria-controls should be set
      await expect(header).toHaveAttribute('aria-controls', /.+/);

      // Check aria-expanded exists
      const expanded = await header.getAttribute('aria-expanded');
      expect(['true', 'false']).toContain(expanded);

      // Check aria-controls exists and references valid panel
      const controlsId = await header.getAttribute('aria-controls');
      expect(controlsId).toBeTruthy();

      const panel = page.locator(`[id="${controlsId}"]`);
      await expect(panel).toBeAttached();
    }
  });
});

Running Tests

# Run unit tests for Accordion
npm run test -- accordion

# Run E2E tests for Accordion (all frameworks)
npm run test:e2e:pattern --pattern=accordion

# Run E2E tests for specific framework
npm run test:e2e:react:pattern --pattern=accordion

npm run test:e2e:vue:pattern --pattern=accordion

npm run test:e2e:svelte:pattern --pattern=accordion

npm run test:e2e:astro:pattern --pattern=accordion

Testing Tools

See testing-strategy.md (opens in new tab) for full documentation.

Accordion.test.tsx
import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
import { axe } from 'jest-axe';
import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
import { Accordion, type AccordionItem } from './Accordion';

// Test accordion data
const defaultItems: AccordionItem[] = [
  { id: 'section1', header: 'Section 1', content: 'Content 1' },
  { id: 'section2', header: 'Section 2', content: 'Content 2' },
  { id: 'section3', header: 'Section 3', content: 'Content 3' },
];

const itemsWithDisabled: AccordionItem[] = [
  { id: 'section1', header: 'Section 1', content: 'Content 1' },
  { id: 'section2', header: 'Section 2', content: 'Content 2', disabled: true },
  { id: 'section3', header: 'Section 3', content: 'Content 3' },
];

const itemsWithDefaultExpanded: AccordionItem[] = [
  { id: 'section1', header: 'Section 1', content: 'Content 1', defaultExpanded: true },
  { id: 'section2', header: 'Section 2', content: 'Content 2' },
  { id: 'section3', header: 'Section 3', content: 'Content 3' },
];

// 7+ items (for region role test)
const manyItems: AccordionItem[] = Array.from({ length: 7 }, (_, i) => ({
  id: `section${i + 1}`,
  header: `Section ${i + 1}`,
  content: `Content ${i + 1}`,
}));

describe('Accordion', () => {
  // 🔴 High Priority: APG Core Compliance
  describe('APG: Keyboard Interaction', () => {
    it('toggles panel with Enter', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      button.focus();

      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
      await user.keyboard('{Enter}');
      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
      await user.keyboard('{Enter}');
      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
    });

    it('toggles panel with Space', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      button.focus();

      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
      await user.keyboard(' ');
      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
    });

    it('moves focus to next header with ArrowDown', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button1 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      button1.focus();

      await user.keyboard('{ArrowDown}');

      const button2 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 2' });
      expect(button2).toHaveFocus();
    });

    it('moves focus to previous header with ArrowUp', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button2 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 2' });
      button2.focus();

      await user.keyboard('{ArrowUp}');

      const button1 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      expect(button1).toHaveFocus();
    });

    it('does not move focus when at last header with ArrowDown (no loop)', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button3 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 3' });
      button3.focus();

      await user.keyboard('{ArrowDown}');

      // Focus does not move
      expect(button3).toHaveFocus();
    });

    it('does not move focus when at first header with ArrowUp (no loop)', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button1 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      button1.focus();

      await user.keyboard('{ArrowUp}');

      // Focus does not move
      expect(button1).toHaveFocus();
    });

    it('moves focus to first header with Home', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button3 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 3' });
      button3.focus();

      await user.keyboard('{Home}');

      const button1 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      expect(button1).toHaveFocus();
    });

    it('moves focus to last header with End', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button1 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      button1.focus();

      await user.keyboard('{End}');

      const button3 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 3' });
      expect(button3).toHaveFocus();
    });

    it('skips disabled headers when navigating', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={itemsWithDisabled} />);

      const button1 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      button1.focus();

      await user.keyboard('{ArrowDown}');

      // Section 2 is skipped, moves to Section 3
      const button3 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 3' });
      expect(button3).toHaveFocus();
    });

    it('disables arrow key navigation when enableArrowKeys=false', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} enableArrowKeys={false} />);

      const button1 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      button1.focus();

      await user.keyboard('{ArrowDown}');

      // Focus does not move
      expect(button1).toHaveFocus();
    });
  });

  describe('APG: ARIA Attributes', () => {
    it('header buttons have aria-expanded', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);
      const buttons = screen.getAllByRole('button');

      buttons.forEach((button) => {
        expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded');
      });
    });

    it('has aria-expanded="true" on open panel', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      await user.click(button);

      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
    });

    it('has aria-expanded="false" on closed panel', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);
      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });

      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
    });

    it('header aria-controls matches panel id', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);
      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      const ariaControls = button.getAttribute('aria-controls');

      expect(ariaControls).toBeTruthy();
      expect(document.getElementById(ariaControls!)).toBeInTheDocument();
    });

    it('panels have role="region" when 6 or fewer', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);
      const regions = screen.getAllByRole('region');

      expect(regions).toHaveLength(3);
    });

    it('panels do not have role="region" when 7 or more', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={manyItems} />);
      const regions = screen.queryAllByRole('region');

      expect(regions).toHaveLength(0);
    });

    it('panel aria-labelledby matches header id', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);
      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      const regions = screen.getAllByRole('region');

      expect(regions[0]).toHaveAttribute('aria-labelledby', button.id);
    });

    it('disabled item has aria-disabled="true"', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={itemsWithDisabled} />);
      const disabledButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 2' });

      expect(disabledButton).toHaveAttribute('aria-disabled', 'true');
    });
  });

  describe('APG: Heading Structure', () => {
    it('uses h3 element when headingLevel=3', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} headingLevel={3} />);
      const headings = document.querySelectorAll('h3');

      expect(headings).toHaveLength(3);
    });

    it('uses h2 element when headingLevel=2', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} headingLevel={2} />);
      const headings = document.querySelectorAll('h2');

      expect(headings).toHaveLength(3);
    });
  });

  // 🟡 Medium Priority: Accessibility Validation
  describe('Accessibility', () => {
    it('has no WCAG 2.1 AA violations', async () => {
      const { container } = render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);
      const results = await axe(container);
      expect(results).toHaveNoViolations();
    });
  });

  describe('Props', () => {
    it('can specify initial expanded state with defaultExpanded', () => {
      render(<Accordion items={itemsWithDefaultExpanded} />);
      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });

      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
    });

    it('only one panel expanded when allowMultiple=false (default)', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} />);

      const button1 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      const button2 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 2' });

      await user.click(button1);
      expect(button1).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');

      await user.click(button2);
      expect(button1).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
      expect(button2).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
    });

    it('multiple panels can be expanded when allowMultiple=true', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} allowMultiple />);

      const button1 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      const button2 = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 2' });

      await user.click(button1);
      await user.click(button2);

      expect(button1).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
      expect(button2).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
    });

    it('calls onExpandedChange when expanded state changes', async () => {
      const handleExpandedChange = vi.fn();
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} onExpandedChange={handleExpandedChange} />);

      await user.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' }));

      expect(handleExpandedChange).toHaveBeenCalledWith(['section1']);
    });
  });

  describe('Edge Cases', () => {
    it('disabled item does not toggle on click', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      render(<Accordion items={itemsWithDisabled} />);

      const disabledButton = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 2' });

      expect(disabledButton).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
      await user.click(disabledButton);
      expect(disabledButton).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
    });

    it('disabled item with defaultExpanded is not expanded', () => {
      const items: AccordionItem[] = [
        {
          id: 'section1',
          header: 'Section 1',
          content: 'Content 1',
          disabled: true,
          defaultExpanded: true,
        },
      ];
      render(<Accordion items={items} />);

      const button = screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Section 1' });
      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false');
    });
  });

  // 🟢 Low Priority: Extensibility
  describe('HTML Attribute Inheritance', () => {
    it('applies className to container', () => {
      const { container } = render(<Accordion items={defaultItems} className="custom-accordion" />);
      const accordionContainer = container.firstChild as HTMLElement;
      expect(accordionContainer).toHaveClass('custom-accordion');
    });
  });
});

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