APG Patterns
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日本語 GitHub

Table

A static tabular structure for displaying data with rows and columns.

🤖 AI Implementation Guide

Demo

Basic Table

A simple static table displaying data. No interactive features.

Name
Age
City
Alice
30
Tokyo
Bob
25
Osaka
Charlie
35
Kyoto
Diana
28
Nagoya
Edward
42
Sapporo

Sortable Table

Click column headers to sort. Uses aria-sort to indicate sort direction.

Alice
30
Tokyo
Bob
25
Osaka
Charlie
35
Kyoto
Diana
28
Nagoya
Edward
42
Sapporo

With Row Headers

First cell in each row uses role="rowheader" for better screen reader navigation.

Name
Age
City
Alice
30
Tokyo
Bob
25
Osaka
Charlie
35
Kyoto

Virtualization Support

For large datasets, use aria-rowcount, aria-colcount, and aria-rowindex to communicate the full table structure.

Name
Age
City
Alice
30
Tokyo
Bob
25
Osaka
Charlie
35
Kyoto
Diana
28
Nagoya
Edward
42
Sapporo

Spanning Cells

Cells can span multiple columns or rows using colspan and rowspan. This implementation uses CSS Grid with grid-column: span N and grid-row: span N for visual spanning, plus aria-colspan and aria-rowspan for screen reader accessibility.

Product
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Electronics
150
180
200
220
175
190
210
240
Clothing
N/A
90
120
Total
1775

Native HTML

Use Native HTML First

Before using this custom component, consider using native <table> elements. They provide built-in semantics, work without JavaScript, and require no ARIA attributes.

<table>
  <caption>User List</caption>
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Name</th>
      <th>Age</th>
      <th>City</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>Alice</td>
      <td>30</td>
      <td>Tokyo</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>

Use custom implementations only when you need CSS Grid/Flexbox layouts for responsive tables, or when you cannot use native <table> elements due to design constraints.

Use Case Native HTML Custom Implementation
Basic tabular data Recommended Not needed
JavaScript disabled support Works natively Requires fallback
Built-in accessibility Automatic Manual ARIA required
CSS Grid/Flexbox layout Limited (display: table) Full control
Responsive column reordering Limited Full control
Virtualization support Not built-in With ARIA support

The native <table> element with <thead>, <tbody>, <th>, and <td> provides complete semantic structure automatically. The ARIA table pattern is only necessary when using non-table elements (e.g., <div>) for layout purposes.

Accessibility Features

WAI-ARIA Roles

Role Element Description
table Container element Identifies the element as a table structure containing rows and cells of data.
rowgroup Header/Body container Groups rows together (equivalent to <thead>, <tbody>, <tfoot>).
row Row element A row of cells within the table (equivalent to <tr>).
columnheader Header cell A header cell for a column (equivalent to <th> in header row).
rowheader Header cell A header cell for a row (equivalent to <th scope="row">).
cell Data cell A data cell within a row (equivalent to <td>).

The table role creates a static tabular structure for displaying data. Unlike the grid role, tables are not interactive and do not support keyboard navigation between cells.

WAI-ARIA Properties

aria-label / aria-labelledby

Provides an accessible name for the table. One of these is required for screen reader users to understand the table's purpose.

Type String / ID reference
Required Yes (one or the other)
Example aria-label="User List"

aria-describedby

References an element providing additional description for the table.

Type ID reference
Required No

WAI-ARIA States

aria-sort

Indicates the current sort direction of a column. Applied to columnheader or rowheader elements.

Values ascending, descending, none, other
Required No (only for sortable columns)
Updated When sort order changes

Virtualization Support

For large tables that only render visible rows/columns, these attributes help assistive technologies understand the full table structure:

aria-colcount / aria-rowcount

Defines the total number of columns/rows in the table when only a subset is rendered.

Type Number
Applied to table role element
Required No (only for virtualized tables)

aria-colindex / aria-rowindex

Indicates the position of a cell or row within the full table.

Type Number (1-based)
Applied to aria-colindex on cells, aria-rowindex on rows
Required No (only for virtualized tables)

Keyboard Support

Not applicable. The table pattern is a static structure and is not interactive. Unlike the grid pattern, users cannot navigate between cells using arrow keys. Interactive elements within cells (buttons, links) receive focus through normal tab order.

Accessible Naming

Tables must have an accessible name. Options include:

  • aria-label - Provides an invisible label for the table
  • aria-labelledby - References an external element as the label
  • Caption element - A visible caption can provide the accessible name if properly associated

Table vs Grid

Understanding when to use table vs grid roles:

Feature Table Grid
Purpose Static data display Interactive data manipulation
Keyboard navigation Not applicable Arrow keys between cells
Cell selection Not supported Via aria-selected
Focus management None required Roving tabindex

References

Source Code

Table.vue
<script setup lang="ts">
import type { VNode } from 'vue';

defineOptions({ inheritAttrs: false });

export interface TableColumn {
  id: string;
  header: string;
  /** Column is sortable */
  sortable?: boolean;
  /** Current sort direction */
  sort?: 'ascending' | 'descending' | 'none';
}

/**
 * Cell with spanning support
 */
export interface TableCell {
  content: string | VNode;
  /** Number of columns this cell spans */
  colspan?: number;
  /** Number of rows this cell spans */
  rowspan?: number;
}

/**
 * Cell value - can be simple string/VNode or object with spanning
 */
export type TableCellValue = string | VNode | TableCell;

/**
 * Type guard to check if cell is a TableCell object
 */
function isTableCell(cell: TableCellValue): cell is TableCell {
  return typeof cell === 'object' && cell !== null && 'content' in cell;
}

export interface TableRow {
  id: string;
  cells: TableCellValue[];
  /** First cell is row header */
  hasRowHeader?: boolean;
  /** Row index for virtualization (1-based) */
  rowIndex?: number;
}

interface Props {
  /** Column definitions */
  columns: TableColumn[];
  /** Row data */
  rows: TableRow[];
  /** Caption text (optional) */
  caption?: string;

  // Virtualization support
  /** Total number of columns (for virtualization) */
  totalColumns?: number;
  /** Total number of rows (for virtualization) */
  totalRows?: number;
  /** Starting column index (1-based, for virtualization) */
  startColIndex?: number;
}

const props = defineProps<Props>();

const emit = defineEmits<{
  sortChange: [columnId: string, direction: 'ascending' | 'descending'];
}>();

function handleSortClick(column: TableColumn) {
  if (!column.sortable) return;

  const newDirection: 'ascending' | 'descending' =
    column.sort === 'ascending' ? 'descending' : 'ascending';
  emit('sortChange', column.id, newDirection);
}

function getSortIcon(sort?: 'ascending' | 'descending' | 'none'): string {
  if (sort === 'ascending') return '▲';
  if (sort === 'descending') return '▼';
  return '⇅';
}
</script>

<template>
  <div
    role="table"
    class="apg-table"
    :style="{ '--table-cols': columns.length }"
    :aria-colcount="totalColumns"
    :aria-rowcount="totalRows"
    v-bind="$attrs"
  >
    <div v-if="caption" class="apg-table-caption">{{ caption }}</div>

    <!-- Header rowgroup -->
    <div role="rowgroup" class="apg-table-header">
      <div role="row" class="apg-table-row">
        <div
          v-for="(column, colIndex) in columns"
          :key="column.id"
          role="columnheader"
          class="apg-table-columnheader"
          :aria-sort="column.sortable ? column.sort || 'none' : undefined"
          :aria-colindex="startColIndex !== undefined ? startColIndex + colIndex : undefined"
        >
          <button
            v-if="column.sortable"
            type="button"
            class="apg-table-sort-button"
            :aria-label="`Sort by ${column.header}`"
            @click="handleSortClick(column)"
          >
            {{ column.header }}
            <span class="apg-table-sort-icon" aria-hidden="true">
              {{ getSortIcon(column.sort) }}
            </span>
          </button>
          <template v-else>{{ column.header }}</template>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    <!-- Body rowgroup -->
    <div role="rowgroup" class="apg-table-body">
      <div
        v-for="row in rows"
        :key="row.id"
        role="row"
        class="apg-table-row"
        :aria-rowindex="row.rowIndex"
      >
        <div
          v-for="(cell, cellIndex) in row.cells"
          :key="cellIndex"
          :role="row.hasRowHeader && cellIndex === 0 ? 'rowheader' : 'cell'"
          :class="`apg-table-${row.hasRowHeader && cellIndex === 0 ? 'rowheader' : 'cell'}`"
          :style="{
            gridColumn:
              isTableCell(cell) && cell.colspan && cell.colspan > 1
                ? `span ${cell.colspan}`
                : undefined,
            gridRow:
              isTableCell(cell) && cell.rowspan && cell.rowspan > 1
                ? `span ${cell.rowspan}`
                : undefined,
          }"
          :aria-colindex="startColIndex !== undefined ? startColIndex + cellIndex : undefined"
          :aria-colspan="
            isTableCell(cell) && cell.colspan && cell.colspan > 1 ? cell.colspan : undefined
          "
          :aria-rowspan="
            isTableCell(cell) && cell.rowspan && cell.rowspan > 1 ? cell.rowspan : undefined
          "
        >
          {{ isTableCell(cell) ? cell.content : cell }}
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
</template>

Usage

Example
<script setup lang="ts">
import Table from './Table.vue';
import type { TableColumn, TableRow } from './Table.vue';

const columns: TableColumn[] = [
  { id: 'name', header: 'Name' },
  { id: 'age', header: 'Age' },
  { id: 'city', header: 'City' },
];

const rows: TableRow[] = [
  { id: '1', cells: ['Alice', '30', 'Tokyo'] },
  { id: '2', cells: ['Bob', '25', 'Osaka'] },
  { id: '3', cells: ['Charlie', '35', 'Kyoto'] },
];

// Sortable columns
const sortableColumns = ref<TableColumn[]>([
  { id: 'name', header: 'Name', sortable: true, sort: 'ascending' },
  { id: 'age', header: 'Age', sortable: true },
  { id: 'city', header: 'City' },
]);

function handleSortChange(columnId: string, direction: 'ascending' | 'descending') {
  // Handle sort change
}
</script>

<template>
  <!-- Basic table -->
  <Table :columns="columns" :rows="rows" aria-label="User List" />

  <!-- Sortable table -->
  <Table
    :columns="sortableColumns"
    :rows="rows"
    aria-label="Sortable User List"
    :on-sort-change="handleSortChange"
  />

  <!-- With row headers -->
  <Table
    :columns="columns"
    :rows="rowsWithHeaders"
    aria-label="User List with Row Headers"
  />
</template>

API

Table Props

Prop Type Default Description
columns TableColumn[] required Column definitions
rows TableRow[] required Row data
caption string - Optional table caption
onSortChange (columnId: string, direction) => void - Callback when sort changes
totalColumns number - Total columns (for virtualization)
totalRows number - Total rows (for virtualization)
startColIndex number - Starting column index (1-based)

TableColumn Interface

Types
interface TableColumn {
  id: string;
  header: string;
  sortable?: boolean;
  sort?: 'ascending' | 'descending' | 'none';
}

TableRow Interface

Types
interface TableCell {
  content: string;
  colspan?: number; // Columns spanned (visual + aria-colspan)
  rowspan?: number; // Rows spanned (visual + aria-rowspan)
}

type TableCellValue = string | TableCell;

interface TableRow {
  id: string;
  cells: TableCellValue[];
  hasRowHeader?: boolean;
  rowIndex?: number; // For virtualization (1-based)
}

Testing

Tests verify APG compliance for ARIA roles, table structure, and accessibility requirements. Since Table is a static structure, keyboard interaction tests are not applicable.

Test Categories

High Priority: ARIA Structure

Test Description
role="table" Container element has the table role
role="rowgroup" Header and body groups have rowgroup role
role="row" All rows have the row role
role="columnheader" Header cells have columnheader role
role="rowheader" Row header cells have rowheader role when specified
role="cell" Data cells have the cell role

High Priority: Accessible Name

Test Description
aria-label Accessible name via aria-label attribute
aria-labelledby Accessible name via external element reference
caption Caption is displayed when provided

High Priority: Sort State

Test Description
aria-sort="ascending" Column sorted in ascending order
aria-sort="descending" Column sorted in descending order
aria-sort="none" Sortable column that is not currently sorted
no aria-sort Non-sortable columns have no aria-sort attribute
onSortChange callback Callback is invoked when sort button is clicked
sort toggle Clicking sorted column toggles direction

Medium Priority: Virtualization Support

Test Description
aria-colcount Total column count for virtualized tables
aria-rowcount Total row count for virtualized tables
aria-rowindex Row position in the full table
aria-colindex Cell position in the full table

Medium Priority: Visual Cell Spanning (Browser Tests)

Test Description
colspan width Cell with colspan=2 has ~2x width of normal cell
rowspan height Cell with rowspan=2 has ~2x height of normal cell
full span Cell spanning all columns matches table width
combined spans Cell with both colspan and rowspan has correct dimensions

Note: Visual spanning tests use getBoundingClientRect() and require a real browser environment (Vitest browser mode with Playwright). These tests are in *.browser.test.ts files.

Medium Priority: Accessibility

Test Description
axe violations No accessibility violations detected by axe-core
sortable columns No violations with sortable column headers
row headers No violations with row header cells
empty table No violations with empty data rows

Medium Priority: Edge Cases

Test Description
empty rows Table renders correctly with no data rows
single column Table handles single column correctly

Low Priority: HTML Attribute Inheritance

Test Description
className Custom class is applied to container
id ID attribute is set correctly
data-* Data attributes are passed through

Testing Tools

Table.test.vue.ts
import { render, screen, within } from '@testing-library/vue';
import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
import { axe } from 'jest-axe';
import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest';
import Table from './Table.vue';
import type { TableColumn, TableRow, TableCell } from './Table.vue';

const basicColumns: TableColumn[] = [
  { id: 'name', header: 'Name' },
  { id: 'age', header: 'Age' },
  { id: 'city', header: 'City' },
];

const basicRows: TableRow[] = [
  { id: '1', cells: ['Alice', '30', 'Tokyo'] },
  { id: '2', cells: ['Bob', '25', 'Osaka'] },
  { id: '3', cells: ['Charlie', '35', 'Kyoto'] },
];

const sortableColumns: TableColumn[] = [
  { id: 'name', header: 'Name', sortable: true, sort: 'ascending' },
  { id: 'age', header: 'Age', sortable: true },
  { id: 'city', header: 'City' },
];

const rowsWithRowHeader: TableRow[] = [
  { id: '1', cells: ['Alice', '30', 'Tokyo'], hasRowHeader: true },
  { id: '2', cells: ['Bob', '25', 'Osaka'], hasRowHeader: true },
];

describe('Table (Vue)', () => {
  // 🔴 High Priority: APG ARIA Structure
  describe('APG: ARIA Structure', () => {
    it('has role="table" on container', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      expect(screen.getByRole('table')).toBeInTheDocument();
    });

    it('has role="rowgroup" on header and body groups', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const rowgroups = screen.getAllByRole('rowgroup');
      expect(rowgroups).toHaveLength(2);
    });

    it('has role="row" on all rows', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const rows = screen.getAllByRole('row');
      expect(rows).toHaveLength(4); // 1 header + 3 data
    });

    it('has role="columnheader" on header cells', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const headers = screen.getAllByRole('columnheader');
      expect(headers).toHaveLength(3);
      expect(headers[0]).toHaveTextContent('Name');
    });

    it('has role="cell" on data cells', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const cells = screen.getAllByRole('cell');
      expect(cells).toHaveLength(9);
    });

    it('has role="rowheader" on row headers when hasRowHeader is true', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: rowsWithRowHeader },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const rowheaders = screen.getAllByRole('rowheader');
      expect(rowheaders).toHaveLength(2);
      expect(rowheaders[0]).toHaveTextContent('Alice');
    });
  });

  // 🔴 High Priority: Accessible Name
  describe('APG: Accessible Name', () => {
    it('has accessible name via aria-label', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'User List' },
      });
      expect(screen.getByRole('table', { name: 'User List' })).toBeInTheDocument();
    });

    it('has accessible name via aria-labelledby', () => {
      render({
        components: { Table },
        template: `
          <div>
            <h2 id="table-title">Employee Directory</h2>
            <Table :columns="columns" :rows="rows" aria-labelledby="table-title" />
          </div>
        `,
        data() {
          return { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows };
        },
      });
      expect(screen.getByRole('table', { name: 'Employee Directory' })).toBeInTheDocument();
    });

    it('has description via aria-describedby', () => {
      render({
        components: { Table },
        template: `
          <div>
            <Table :columns="columns" :rows="rows" aria-label="Users" aria-describedby="desc" />
            <p id="desc">A list of registered users</p>
          </div>
        `,
        data() {
          return { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows };
        },
      });
      const table = screen.getByRole('table');
      expect(table).toHaveAttribute('aria-describedby', 'desc');
    });

    it('displays caption when provided', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows, caption: 'User Data' },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      expect(screen.getByText('User Data')).toBeInTheDocument();
    });
  });

  // 🔴 High Priority: Sort State
  describe('APG: Sort State', () => {
    it('has aria-sort="ascending" on ascending sorted column', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: sortableColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const nameHeader = screen.getByRole('columnheader', { name: /name/i });
      expect(nameHeader).toHaveAttribute('aria-sort', 'ascending');
    });

    it('has aria-sort="descending" on descending sorted column', () => {
      const columns: TableColumn[] = [
        { id: 'name', header: 'Name', sortable: true, sort: 'descending' },
        { id: 'age', header: 'Age', sortable: true },
      ];
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const nameHeader = screen.getByRole('columnheader', { name: /name/i });
      expect(nameHeader).toHaveAttribute('aria-sort', 'descending');
    });

    it('has aria-sort="none" on unsorted sortable columns', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: sortableColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const ageHeader = screen.getByRole('columnheader', { name: /age/i });
      expect(ageHeader).toHaveAttribute('aria-sort', 'none');
    });

    it('does not have aria-sort on non-sortable columns', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: sortableColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const cityHeader = screen.getByRole('columnheader', { name: /city/i });
      expect(cityHeader).not.toHaveAttribute('aria-sort');
    });

    it('emits sortChange when sortable header is clicked', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      const { emitted } = render(Table, {
        props: { columns: sortableColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });

      const ageHeader = screen.getByRole('columnheader', { name: /age/i });
      const sortButton = within(ageHeader).getByRole('button');
      await user.click(sortButton);

      expect(emitted()).toHaveProperty('sortChange');
      expect(emitted().sortChange[0]).toEqual(['age', 'ascending']);
    });

    it('toggles sort direction when already sorted column is clicked', async () => {
      const user = userEvent.setup();
      const { emitted } = render(Table, {
        props: { columns: sortableColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });

      const nameHeader = screen.getByRole('columnheader', { name: /name/i });
      const sortButton = within(nameHeader).getByRole('button');
      await user.click(sortButton);

      expect(emitted().sortChange[0]).toEqual(['name', 'descending']);
    });
  });

  // 🟡 Medium Priority: Virtualization Support
  describe('APG: Virtualization Support', () => {
    it('has aria-colcount when totalColumns is provided', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows, totalColumns: 10 },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const table = screen.getByRole('table');
      expect(table).toHaveAttribute('aria-colcount', '10');
    });

    it('has aria-rowcount when totalRows is provided', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows, totalRows: 100 },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const table = screen.getByRole('table');
      expect(table).toHaveAttribute('aria-rowcount', '100');
    });

    it('has aria-rowindex on rows when rowIndex is provided', () => {
      const rowsWithIndex: TableRow[] = [
        { id: '1', cells: ['Alice', '30', 'Tokyo'], rowIndex: 5 },
        { id: '2', cells: ['Bob', '25', 'Osaka'], rowIndex: 6 },
      ];
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: rowsWithIndex, totalRows: 100 },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const rows = screen.getAllByRole('row');
      expect(rows[1]).toHaveAttribute('aria-rowindex', '5');
      expect(rows[2]).toHaveAttribute('aria-rowindex', '6');
    });

    it('has aria-colindex on cells when startColIndex is provided', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: {
          columns: basicColumns,
          rows: basicRows,
          totalColumns: 10,
          startColIndex: 3,
        },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const firstRow = screen.getAllByRole('row')[1];
      const cells = within(firstRow).getAllByRole('cell');
      expect(cells[0]).toHaveAttribute('aria-colindex', '3');
      expect(cells[1]).toHaveAttribute('aria-colindex', '4');
    });
  });

  // 🟡 Medium Priority: Accessibility
  describe('Accessibility', () => {
    it('has no axe violations with basic table', async () => {
      const { container } = render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const results = await axe(container);
      expect(results).toHaveNoViolations();
    });

    it('has no axe violations with sortable columns', async () => {
      const { container } = render(Table, {
        props: { columns: sortableColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const results = await axe(container);
      expect(results).toHaveNoViolations();
    });

    it('has no axe violations with row headers', async () => {
      const { container } = render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: rowsWithRowHeader },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const results = await axe(container);
      expect(results).toHaveNoViolations();
    });

    it('has no axe violations with empty table', async () => {
      const { container } = render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: [] },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Empty Users' },
      });
      const results = await axe(container);
      expect(results).toHaveNoViolations();
    });
  });

  // 🟡 Medium Priority: Cell Spanning
  describe('APG: Cell Spanning', () => {
    it('has aria-colspan when cell spans multiple columns', () => {
      const rowsWithColspan: TableRow[] = [
        {
          id: '1',
          cells: [{ content: 'Merged', colspan: 2 } as TableCell, 'Single'],
        },
      ];
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: rowsWithColspan },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const cells = screen.getAllByRole('cell');
      expect(cells[0]).toHaveAttribute('aria-colspan', '2');
      expect(cells[1]).not.toHaveAttribute('aria-colspan');
    });

    it('has aria-rowspan when cell spans multiple rows', () => {
      const rowsWithRowspan: TableRow[] = [
        {
          id: '1',
          cells: [{ content: 'Spans 2 rows', rowspan: 2 } as TableCell, 'A', 'B'],
        },
        { id: '2', cells: ['C', 'D'] },
      ];
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: rowsWithRowspan },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const firstRowCells = within(screen.getAllByRole('row')[1]).getAllByRole('cell');
      expect(firstRowCells[0]).toHaveAttribute('aria-rowspan', '2');
    });

    it('does not have aria-colspan when colspan is 1', () => {
      const rowsWithColspanOne: TableRow[] = [
        {
          id: '1',
          cells: [{ content: 'Single', colspan: 1 } as TableCell, 'B', 'C'],
        },
      ];
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: rowsWithColspanOne },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const cells = screen.getAllByRole('cell');
      expect(cells[0]).not.toHaveAttribute('aria-colspan');
    });

    it('renders cell content correctly with TableCell object', () => {
      const rowsWithTableCell: TableRow[] = [
        {
          id: '1',
          cells: [{ content: 'Cell Content', colspan: 2 } as TableCell, 'Normal'],
        },
      ];
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: rowsWithTableCell },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      expect(screen.getByText('Cell Content')).toBeInTheDocument();
      expect(screen.getByText('Normal')).toBeInTheDocument();
    });

    it('has no axe violations with spanning cells', async () => {
      const rowsWithSpanning: TableRow[] = [
        {
          id: '1',
          cells: [{ content: 'Merged', colspan: 2 } as TableCell, 'C'],
        },
        { id: '2', cells: ['D', 'E', 'F'] },
      ];
      const { container } = render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: rowsWithSpanning },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users' },
      });
      const results = await axe(container);
      expect(results).toHaveNoViolations();
    });
  });

  // 🟡 Medium Priority: Edge Cases
  describe('Edge Cases', () => {
    it('renders empty table with no rows', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: [] },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Empty' },
      });
      const table = screen.getByRole('table');
      expect(table).toBeInTheDocument();
      const cells = screen.queryAllByRole('cell');
      expect(cells).toHaveLength(0);
    });

    it('handles single column', () => {
      const singleColumn: TableColumn[] = [{ id: 'name', header: 'Name' }];
      const singleColumnRows: TableRow[] = [
        { id: '1', cells: ['Alice'] },
        { id: '2', cells: ['Bob'] },
      ];
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: singleColumn, rows: singleColumnRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Names' },
      });
      expect(screen.getAllByRole('columnheader')).toHaveLength(1);
      expect(screen.getAllByRole('cell')).toHaveLength(2);
    });
  });

  // 🟢 Low Priority: HTML Attribute Inheritance
  describe('HTML Attribute Inheritance', () => {
    it('applies class to container', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users', class: 'custom-table' },
      });
      const table = screen.getByRole('table');
      expect(table).toHaveClass('custom-table');
    });

    it('sets id attribute', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users', id: 'my-table' },
      });
      const table = screen.getByRole('table');
      expect(table).toHaveAttribute('id', 'my-table');
    });

    it('passes through data-* attributes', () => {
      render(Table, {
        props: { columns: basicColumns, rows: basicRows },
        attrs: { 'aria-label': 'Users', 'data-testid': 'user-table' },
      });
      expect(screen.getByTestId('user-table')).toBeInTheDocument();
    });
  });
});

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