Slider
An interactive control that allows users to select a value from within a range.
Demo
Native HTML
Use Native HTML First
Before using this custom component, consider using native <input type="range"> elements. They provide built-in keyboard support, work without JavaScript, and have native accessibility support.
<label for="volume">Volume</label>
<input type="range" id="volume" min="0" max="100" value="50">Use custom implementations only when you need custom styling that native elements cannot provide, or when you require specific visual feedback during interactions.
| Use Case | Native HTML | Custom Implementation |
|---|---|---|
| Basic value selection | Recommended | Not needed |
| Keyboard support | Built-in | Manual implementation |
| JavaScript disabled support | Works natively | Requires fallback |
| Form integration | Built-in | Manual implementation |
| Custom styling | Limited (pseudo-elements) | Full control |
| Consistent cross-browser appearance | Varies significantly | Consistent |
| Vertical orientation | Supported in modern browsers (fallback for older) | Full control |
Native <input type="range"> styling is notoriously inconsistent across browsers. Styling requires vendor-specific pseudo-elements (::-webkit-slider-thumb, ::-moz-range-thumb, etc.) which can be complex to maintain.
Accessibility Features
WAI-ARIA Roles
| Role | Target Element | Description |
|---|---|---|
slider |
Thumb element | Identifies the element as a slider that allows users to select a value from within a range |
WAI-ARIA Properties
aria-valuenow
Updated dynamically when value changes via keyboard or pointer
- Values
- Number
- Required
- Yes
aria-valuemin
Default: 0
- Values
- Number
- Required
- Yes
aria-valuemax
Default: 100
- Values
- Number
- Required
- Yes
aria-valuetext
Example: “50%”, “Medium”, “3 of 5 stars”
- Values
- String
- Required
- No (recommended when value needs context)
aria-orientation
Default: horizontal (implicit). Only set for vertical sliders.
- Values
horizontal|vertical- Required
- No
aria-disabled
Set only when disabled
- Values
- true | undefined
- Required
- No
Keyboard Support
| Key | Action |
|---|---|
| Right Arrow | Increases the value by one step |
| Up Arrow | Increases the value by one step |
| Left Arrow | Decreases the value by one step |
| Down Arrow | Decreases the value by one step |
| Home | Sets the slider to its minimum value |
| End | Sets the slider to its maximum value |
| Page Up | Increases the value by a large step (default: step * 10) |
| Page Down | Decreases the value by a large step (default: step * 10) |
- Sliders must have an accessible name via visible label (recommended), aria-label, or aria-labelledby.
- This implementation follows WCAG guidelines for accessible visual design including focus indicators, visual fill, and hover states.
- Pointer interaction: Click on track moves thumb immediately; drag allows continuous adjustment.
- Forced colors mode uses system colors for Windows High Contrast Mode accessibility.
Implementation Notes
Structure:
<div class="slider-container">
<label id="label">Volume</label>
<div class="slider-track">
<div class="slider-fill" />
<div
role="slider"
tabindex="0"
aria-valuenow="50"
aria-valuemin="0"
aria-valuemax="100"
aria-labelledby="label"
class="slider-thumb"
/>
</div>
</div>
Visual Layout:
┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Volume │
│ ├─────────●─────────────────────────┤
│ 0 50 100 │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘
Keyboard Navigation:
← / ↓ = Decrease by step
→ / ↑ = Increase by step
Home = Set to min
End = Set to max
PgUp = Increase by large step
PgDn = Decrease by large step
Slider component structure and visual layout
References
Source Code
---
/**
* APG Slider Pattern - Astro Implementation
*
* A control that allows users to select a value from within a range.
* Uses Web Components for interactive behavior.
*
* @see https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/slider/
*/
export interface Props {
/** Default value */
defaultValue?: number;
/** Minimum value (default: 0) */
min?: number;
/** Maximum value (default: 100) */
max?: number;
/** Step increment (default: 1) */
step?: number;
/** Large step for PageUp/PageDown */
largeStep?: number;
/** Slider orientation */
orientation?: 'horizontal' | 'vertical';
/** Whether slider is disabled */
disabled?: boolean;
/** Show value text (default: true) */
showValue?: boolean;
/** Visible label text */
label?: string;
/** Human-readable value text for aria-valuetext */
valueText?: string;
/** Format pattern for dynamic value display (e.g., "{value}%", "{value} of {max}") */
format?: string;
/** Slider id */
id?: string;
/** Additional CSS class */
class?: string;
/** Accessible label when no visible label */
'aria-label'?: string;
/** Reference to external label element */
'aria-labelledby'?: string;
/** Reference to description element */
'aria-describedby'?: string;
}
const {
defaultValue,
min = 0,
max = 100,
step = 1,
largeStep,
orientation = 'horizontal',
disabled = false,
showValue = true,
label,
valueText,
format,
id,
class: className = '',
'aria-label': ariaLabel,
'aria-labelledby': ariaLabelledby,
'aria-describedby': ariaDescribedby,
} = Astro.props;
// Utility functions
const clamp = (val: number, minVal: number, maxVal: number): number => {
return Math.min(maxVal, Math.max(minVal, val));
};
const roundToStep = (val: number, stepVal: number, minVal: number): number => {
const steps = Math.round((val - minVal) / stepVal);
const result = minVal + steps * stepVal;
const decimalPlaces = (stepVal.toString().split('.')[1] || '').length;
return Number(result.toFixed(decimalPlaces));
};
// Calculate initial value
const initialValue = clamp(roundToStep(defaultValue ?? min, step, min), min, max);
// Calculate percentage for visual display
const percentage = max === min ? 0 : ((initialValue - min) / (max - min)) * 100;
// Format value helper
const formatValueText = (value: number, formatStr?: string): string => {
if (!formatStr) return String(value);
return formatStr
.replace('{value}', String(value))
.replace('{min}', String(min))
.replace('{max}', String(max));
};
// Display text
const displayText = valueText ?? formatValueText(initialValue, format);
// Initial aria-valuetext
const initialAriaValueText =
valueText ?? (format ? formatValueText(initialValue, format) : undefined);
// Generate unique label ID
const labelId = label ? `slider-label-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2, 9)}` : undefined;
const isVertical = orientation === 'vertical';
const effectiveLargeStep = largeStep ?? step * 10;
---
<apg-slider
data-min={min}
data-max={max}
data-step={step}
data-large-step={effectiveLargeStep}
data-orientation={orientation}
data-disabled={disabled}
data-format={format}
>
<div
class={`apg-slider ${isVertical ? 'apg-slider--vertical' : ''} ${disabled ? 'apg-slider--disabled' : ''} ${className}`.trim()}
>
{
label && (
<span id={labelId} class="apg-slider-label">
{label}
</span>
)
}
<div class="apg-slider-track" style={`--slider-position: ${percentage}%`}>
<div class="apg-slider-fill" aria-hidden="true"></div>
<div
role="slider"
id={id}
tabindex={disabled ? -1 : 0}
aria-valuenow={initialValue}
aria-valuemin={min}
aria-valuemax={max}
aria-valuetext={initialAriaValueText}
aria-label={label ? undefined : ariaLabel}
aria-labelledby={ariaLabelledby ?? labelId}
aria-orientation={isVertical ? 'vertical' : undefined}
aria-disabled={disabled ? true : undefined}
aria-describedby={ariaDescribedby}
class="apg-slider-thumb"
>
</div>
</div>
{
showValue && (
<span class="apg-slider-value" aria-hidden="true">
{displayText}
</span>
)
}
</div>
</apg-slider>
<script>
class ApgSlider extends HTMLElement {
private thumb: HTMLElement | null = null;
private track: HTMLElement | null = null;
private valueDisplay: HTMLElement | null = null;
private isDragging = false;
connectedCallback() {
this.thumb = this.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
this.track = this.querySelector('.apg-slider-track');
this.valueDisplay = this.querySelector('.apg-slider-value');
if (this.thumb) {
this.thumb.addEventListener('keydown', this.handleKeyDown.bind(this));
this.thumb.addEventListener('pointerdown', this.handlePointerDown.bind(this));
this.thumb.addEventListener('pointermove', this.handlePointerMove.bind(this));
this.thumb.addEventListener('pointerup', this.handlePointerUp.bind(this));
}
if (this.track) {
this.track.addEventListener('click', this.handleTrackClick.bind(this));
}
}
disconnectedCallback() {
if (this.thumb) {
this.thumb.removeEventListener('keydown', this.handleKeyDown.bind(this));
this.thumb.removeEventListener('pointerdown', this.handlePointerDown.bind(this));
this.thumb.removeEventListener('pointermove', this.handlePointerMove.bind(this));
this.thumb.removeEventListener('pointerup', this.handlePointerUp.bind(this));
}
if (this.track) {
this.track.removeEventListener('click', this.handleTrackClick.bind(this));
}
}
private get min(): number {
return Number(this.dataset.min) || 0;
}
private get max(): number {
return Number(this.dataset.max) || 100;
}
private get step(): number {
return Number(this.dataset.step) || 1;
}
private get largeStep(): number {
return Number(this.dataset.largeStep) || this.step * 10;
}
private get isVertical(): boolean {
return this.dataset.orientation === 'vertical';
}
private get isDisabled(): boolean {
return this.dataset.disabled === 'true';
}
private get format(): string | undefined {
return this.dataset.format;
}
private formatValue(value: number): string {
const fmt = this.format;
if (!fmt) return String(value);
return fmt
.replace('{value}', String(value))
.replace('{min}', String(this.min))
.replace('{max}', String(this.max));
}
private get currentValue(): number {
return Number(this.thumb?.getAttribute('aria-valuenow')) || this.min;
}
private clamp(val: number): number {
return Math.min(this.max, Math.max(this.min, val));
}
private roundToStep(val: number): number {
const steps = Math.round((val - this.min) / this.step);
const result = this.min + steps * this.step;
const decimalPlaces = (this.step.toString().split('.')[1] || '').length;
return Number(result.toFixed(decimalPlaces));
}
private updateValue(newValue: number) {
if (!this.thumb || this.isDisabled) return;
const clampedValue = this.clamp(this.roundToStep(newValue));
const currentValue = this.currentValue;
if (clampedValue === currentValue) return;
// Update ARIA
this.thumb.setAttribute('aria-valuenow', String(clampedValue));
// Update aria-valuetext if format is provided
const formattedValue = this.formatValue(clampedValue);
if (this.format) {
this.thumb.setAttribute('aria-valuetext', formattedValue);
}
// Update visual via CSS custom property
const percentage = ((clampedValue - this.min) / (this.max - this.min)) * 100;
if (this.track) {
this.track.style.setProperty('--slider-position', `${percentage}%`);
}
if (this.valueDisplay) {
this.valueDisplay.textContent = formattedValue;
}
// Dispatch event
this.dispatchEvent(
new CustomEvent('valuechange', {
detail: { value: clampedValue },
bubbles: true,
})
);
}
private getValueFromPointer(clientX: number, clientY: number): number {
if (!this.track) return this.currentValue;
const rect = this.track.getBoundingClientRect();
if (rect.width === 0 && rect.height === 0) {
return this.currentValue;
}
let percent: number;
if (this.isVertical) {
if (rect.height === 0) return this.currentValue;
percent = 1 - (clientY - rect.top) / rect.height;
} else {
if (rect.width === 0) return this.currentValue;
percent = (clientX - rect.left) / rect.width;
}
return this.min + percent * (this.max - this.min);
}
private handleKeyDown(event: KeyboardEvent) {
if (this.isDisabled) return;
let newValue = this.currentValue;
switch (event.key) {
case 'ArrowRight':
case 'ArrowUp':
newValue = this.currentValue + this.step;
break;
case 'ArrowLeft':
case 'ArrowDown':
newValue = this.currentValue - this.step;
break;
case 'Home':
newValue = this.min;
break;
case 'End':
newValue = this.max;
break;
case 'PageUp':
newValue = this.currentValue + this.largeStep;
break;
case 'PageDown':
newValue = this.currentValue - this.largeStep;
break;
default:
return;
}
event.preventDefault();
this.updateValue(newValue);
}
private handlePointerDown(event: PointerEvent) {
if (this.isDisabled || !this.thumb) return;
event.preventDefault();
if (typeof this.thumb.setPointerCapture === 'function') {
this.thumb.setPointerCapture(event.pointerId);
}
this.isDragging = true;
this.thumb.focus();
const newValue = this.getValueFromPointer(event.clientX, event.clientY);
this.updateValue(newValue);
}
private handlePointerMove(event: PointerEvent) {
if (!this.thumb) return;
const hasCapture =
typeof this.thumb.hasPointerCapture === 'function'
? this.thumb.hasPointerCapture(event.pointerId)
: this.isDragging;
if (!hasCapture) return;
const newValue = this.getValueFromPointer(event.clientX, event.clientY);
this.updateValue(newValue);
}
private handlePointerUp(event: PointerEvent) {
if (this.thumb && typeof this.thumb.releasePointerCapture === 'function') {
try {
this.thumb.releasePointerCapture(event.pointerId);
} catch {
// Ignore
}
}
this.isDragging = false;
}
private handleTrackClick(event: MouseEvent) {
if (this.isDisabled || event.target === this.thumb) return;
const newValue = this.getValueFromPointer(event.clientX, event.clientY);
this.updateValue(newValue);
this.thumb?.focus();
}
// Public method to update value programmatically
setValue(newValue: number) {
this.updateValue(newValue);
}
}
if (!customElements.get('apg-slider')) {
customElements.define('apg-slider', ApgSlider);
}
</script>Usage
---
import Slider from './Slider.astro';
---
<!-- Basic usage with aria-label -->
<Slider defaultValue={50} aria-label="Volume" />
<!-- With visible label -->
<Slider defaultValue={50} label="Volume" />
<!-- With format for display and aria-valuetext -->
<Slider
defaultValue={75}
label="Progress"
format="{value}%"
/>
<!-- Custom range with step -->
<Slider
defaultValue={3}
min={1}
max={5}
step={1}
label="Rating"
format="{value} of {max}"
/>
<!-- Vertical slider -->
<Slider
defaultValue={50}
label="Volume"
orientation="vertical"
/>
<!-- Dynamic updates via Web Component API -->
<Slider defaultValue={50} id="my-slider" label="Volume" />
<script>
const slider = document.querySelector('#my-slider').closest('apg-slider');
slider.setValue(75);
slider.addEventListener('valuechange', (e) => {
console.log('Value changed:', e.detail.value);
});
</script>API
| Prop | Type | Default | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
defaultValue | number | min | Initial value of the slider |
min | number | 0 | Minimum value |
max | number | 100 | Maximum value |
step | number | 1 | Step increment for keyboard navigation |
largeStep | number | step * 10 | Large step for PageUp/PageDown |
orientation | 'horizontal' | 'vertical' | 'horizontal' | Slider orientation |
disabled | boolean | false | Whether the slider is disabled |
showValue | boolean | true | Whether to display the value text |
label | string | - | Visible label (also used as aria-labelledby) |
valueText | string | - | Human-readable value for aria-valuetext (static) |
format | string | - | Format pattern for display and aria-valuetext (e.g., "{value}%", "{value} of {max}") |
label, aria-label, or aria-labelledby is required for accessibility.Custom Events
| Event | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
valuechange | { value: number } | Fired when value changes via keyboard, pointer, or setValue() |
Testing
Tests verify APG compliance for ARIA attributes, keyboard interactions, pointer operations, and accessibility requirements.
Test Categories
High Priority: ARIA Attributes
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
role="slider" | Element has the slider role |
aria-valuenow | Current value is correctly set and updated |
aria-valuemin | Minimum value is set |
aria-valuemax | Maximum value is set |
aria-valuetext | Human-readable text is set when provided |
aria-disabled | Disabled state is reflected when set |
High Priority: Accessible Name
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
aria-label | Accessible name via aria-label attribute |
aria-labelledby | Accessible name via external element reference |
visible label | Visible label provides accessible name |
High Priority: Keyboard Interaction
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
Arrow Right/Up | Increases value by one step |
Arrow Left/Down | Decreases value by one step |
Home | Sets value to minimum |
End | Sets value to maximum |
Page Up/Down | Increases/decreases value by large step |
Boundary clamping | Value does not exceed min/max limits |
Disabled state | Keyboard has no effect when disabled |
High Priority: Focus Management
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
tabindex="0" | Thumb is focusable |
tabindex="-1" | Thumb is not focusable when disabled |
High Priority: Orientation
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
horizontal | No aria-orientation for horizontal slider |
vertical | aria-orientation="vertical" is set |
Medium Priority: Accessibility
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
axe violations | No accessibility violations detected by axe-core |
Medium Priority: Edge Cases
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
decimal values | Handles decimal step values correctly |
negative range | Handles negative min/max ranges |
clamp to min | defaultValue below min is clamped to min |
clamp to max | defaultValue above max is clamped to max |
Medium Priority: Callbacks
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
onValueChange | Callback is called with new value on change |
Low Priority: HTML Attribute Inheritance
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
className | Custom class is applied to container |
id | ID attribute is set correctly |
data-* | Data attributes are passed through |
Low Priority: Cross-framework Consistency
| Test | Description |
|---|---|
All frameworks render sliders | React, Vue, Svelte, Astro all render slider elements |
Consistent ARIA attributes | All frameworks have consistent aria-valuenow, aria-valuemin, aria-valuemax |
Keyboard navigation | All frameworks support Arrow keys, Home, End keyboard navigation |
Example Test Code
The following is the actual E2E test file (e2e/slider.spec.ts).
import { test, expect } from '@playwright/test';
import AxeBuilder from '@axe-core/playwright';
/**
* E2E Tests for Slider Pattern
*
* An interactive control that allows users to select a value from within a range.
* Uses role="slider" with aria-valuenow, aria-valuemin, and aria-valuemax.
*
* APG Reference: https://www.w3.org/WAI/ARIA/apg/patterns/slider/
*/
const frameworks = ['react', 'vue', 'svelte', 'astro'] as const;
// ============================================
// Helper Functions
// ============================================
const getSlider = (page: import('@playwright/test').Page) => {
return page.getByRole('slider');
};
const getSliderByLabel = (page: import('@playwright/test').Page, label: string) => {
return page.getByRole('slider', { name: label });
};
// Wait for hydration to complete: Astro removes the `ssr` attribute from
// each <astro-island> once its component has hydrated. (aria-valuenow is
// already present in the SSR HTML, so it cannot be used as a signal.)
const waitForHydration = async (page: import('@playwright/test').Page) => {
await expect(page.locator('astro-island[ssr]')).toHaveCount(0);
};
// ============================================
// Framework-specific Tests
// ============================================
for (const framework of frameworks) {
test.describe(`Slider (${framework})`, () => {
test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto(`patterns/slider/${framework}/demo/`);
await getSlider(page).first().waitFor();
await waitForHydration(page);
});
// ------------------------------------------
// 🔴 High Priority: APG ARIA Structure
// ------------------------------------------
test.describe('APG: ARIA Structure', () => {
test('slider has role="slider"', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSlider(page).first();
await expect(slider).toHaveRole('slider');
});
test('slider has aria-valuenow', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
const valuenow = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
expect(valuenow).toBe('50');
});
test('slider has aria-valuemin', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
const valuemin = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuemin');
expect(valuemin).toBe('0');
});
test('slider has aria-valuemax', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
const valuemax = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuemax');
expect(valuemax).toBe('100');
});
test('slider with custom range has correct min/max', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Rating');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuemin', '1');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuemax', '5');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '3');
});
test('slider has accessible name via label', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await expect(slider).toBeVisible();
});
test('slider has aria-valuetext when format is provided', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuetext', '50%');
});
test('rating slider has descriptive aria-valuetext', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Rating');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuetext', '3 of 5');
});
test('vertical slider has aria-orientation="vertical"', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Vertical');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-orientation', 'vertical');
});
test('disabled slider has aria-disabled="true"', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Disabled');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-disabled', 'true');
});
});
// ------------------------------------------
// 🔴 High Priority: Keyboard Interaction
// ------------------------------------------
test.describe('APG: Keyboard Interaction', () => {
test('ArrowRight increases value by step', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
const initialValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
const newValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
expect(Number(newValue)).toBe(Number(initialValue) + 1);
});
test('ArrowLeft decreases value by step', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
const initialValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
await slider.press('ArrowLeft');
const newValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
expect(Number(newValue)).toBe(Number(initialValue) - 1);
});
test('ArrowUp increases value by step', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
const initialValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
await slider.press('ArrowUp');
const newValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
expect(Number(newValue)).toBe(Number(initialValue) + 1);
});
test('ArrowDown decreases value by step', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
const initialValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
await slider.press('ArrowDown');
const newValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
expect(Number(newValue)).toBe(Number(initialValue) - 1);
});
test('Home sets value to minimum', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
await slider.press('Home');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '0');
});
test('End sets value to maximum', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
await slider.press('End');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '100');
});
test('PageUp increases value by large step', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
const initialValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
await slider.press('PageUp');
const newValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
// Large step is typically step * 10 = 10
expect(Number(newValue)).toBe(Number(initialValue) + 10);
});
test('PageDown decreases value by large step', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
const initialValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
await slider.press('PageDown');
const newValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
// Large step is typically step * 10 = 10
expect(Number(newValue)).toBe(Number(initialValue) - 10);
});
test('value does not exceed maximum', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
// Set to max first
await slider.press('End');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '100');
// Try to go beyond max
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '100');
});
test('value does not go below minimum', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
// Set to min first
await slider.press('Home');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '0');
// Try to go below min
await slider.press('ArrowLeft');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '0');
});
test('Rating slider respects step of 1', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Rating');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
// Initial value might change due to click position, so use Home first
await slider.press('Home');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '1');
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '2');
await slider.press('End');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '5');
// Should not exceed max
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '5');
});
test('ArrowRight increases a decimal step value without floating-point error', async ({
page,
}) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Opacity');
await slider.focus();
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '0.5');
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '0.6');
});
});
// ------------------------------------------
// 🔴 High Priority: Vertical Slider Keyboard
// ------------------------------------------
test.describe('APG: Vertical Slider Keyboard', () => {
test('ArrowUp increases value in vertical slider', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Vertical');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
const initialValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
await slider.press('ArrowUp');
const newValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
expect(Number(newValue)).toBe(Number(initialValue) + 1);
});
test('ArrowDown decreases value in vertical slider', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Vertical');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
const initialValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
await slider.press('ArrowDown');
const newValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
expect(Number(newValue)).toBe(Number(initialValue) - 1);
});
});
// ------------------------------------------
// 🔴 High Priority: Focus Management
// ------------------------------------------
test.describe('APG: Focus Management', () => {
test('slider is focusable', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
});
test('slider has tabindex="0"', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('tabindex', '0');
});
test('disabled slider has tabindex="-1"', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Disabled');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('tabindex', '-1');
});
});
// ------------------------------------------
// 🟡 Medium Priority: Disabled State
// ------------------------------------------
test.describe('Disabled State', () => {
test('disabled slider does not change value on ArrowRight', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Disabled');
// Force focus via JavaScript (click won't work on disabled)
await slider.evaluate((el) => (el as HTMLElement).focus());
const initialValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
await page.keyboard.press('ArrowRight');
const newValue = await slider.getAttribute('aria-valuenow');
expect(newValue).toBe(initialValue);
});
test('disabled slider does not change value on Home', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Disabled');
// Force focus via JavaScript
await slider.evaluate((el) => (el as HTMLElement).focus());
await page.keyboard.press('Home');
// Should still be 50 (default value)
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '50');
});
});
// ------------------------------------------
// 🟡 Medium Priority: aria-valuetext Updates
// ------------------------------------------
test.describe('aria-valuetext Updates', () => {
test('aria-valuetext updates on value change', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
// Use Home to reset to known value
await slider.press('Home');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuetext', '0%');
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuetext', '1%');
});
test('Rating slider aria-valuetext updates correctly', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Rating');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
// Use Home to reset to known value (min=1)
await slider.press('Home');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuetext', '1 of 5');
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuetext', '2 of 5');
});
});
// ------------------------------------------
// 🟢 Low Priority: Accessibility
// ------------------------------------------
test.describe('Accessibility', () => {
test('has no axe-core violations', async ({ page }) => {
const results = await new AxeBuilder({ page }).include('[role="slider"]').analyze();
expect(results.violations).toEqual([]);
});
test('vertical slider has no axe-core violations', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Vertical');
await slider.scrollIntoViewIfNeeded();
const results = await new AxeBuilder({ page })
.include('[aria-orientation="vertical"]')
.analyze();
expect(results.violations).toEqual([]);
});
test('disabled slider has no axe-core violations', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Disabled');
await slider.scrollIntoViewIfNeeded();
const results = await new AxeBuilder({ page }).include('[aria-disabled="true"]').analyze();
expect(results.violations).toEqual([]);
});
});
});
}
// ============================================
// Astro-specific: valuechange CustomEvent
// ============================================
test.describe('Slider (astro) - valuechange event', () => {
test.beforeEach(async ({ page }) => {
await page.goto('patterns/slider/astro/demo/');
await getSlider(page).first().waitFor();
await page.evaluate(() => {
const events: number[] = [];
(window as unknown as { __valueChanges: number[] }).__valueChanges = events;
document.addEventListener('valuechange', (e) => {
events.push((e as CustomEvent<{ value: number }>).detail.value);
});
});
});
test('dispatches valuechange with the new value on ArrowRight', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.focus();
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
const events = await page.evaluate(
() => (window as unknown as { __valueChanges: number[] }).__valueChanges
);
expect(events).toEqual([51]);
});
test('does not dispatch valuechange when the value does not change', async ({ page }) => {
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.focus();
await slider.press('End');
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
const events = await page.evaluate(
() => (window as unknown as { __valueChanges: number[] }).__valueChanges
);
expect(events).toEqual([100]);
});
});
// ============================================
// Cross-framework Consistency Tests
// ============================================
test.describe('Slider - Cross-framework Consistency', () => {
test('all frameworks render sliders', async ({ page }) => {
for (const framework of frameworks) {
await page.goto(`patterns/slider/${framework}/demo/`);
await getSlider(page).first().waitFor();
const sliders = getSlider(page);
const count = await sliders.count();
expect(count).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(4); // Volume, Rating, Vertical, Disabled
}
});
test('all frameworks have consistent ARIA attributes', async ({ page }) => {
test.setTimeout(60000);
for (const framework of frameworks) {
await page.goto(`patterns/slider/${framework}/demo/`);
await getSlider(page).first().waitFor();
await waitForHydration(page);
// Check Volume slider
const volumeSlider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await expect(volumeSlider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '50');
await expect(volumeSlider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuemin', '0');
await expect(volumeSlider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuemax', '100');
await expect(volumeSlider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuetext', '50%');
// Check Rating slider
const ratingSlider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Rating');
await expect(ratingSlider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '3');
await expect(ratingSlider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuemin', '1');
await expect(ratingSlider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuemax', '5');
// Check Vertical slider
const verticalSlider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Vertical');
await expect(verticalSlider).toHaveAttribute('aria-orientation', 'vertical');
// Check Disabled slider
const disabledSlider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Disabled');
await expect(disabledSlider).toHaveAttribute('aria-disabled', 'true');
}
});
test('all frameworks support keyboard navigation', async ({ page }) => {
test.setTimeout(60000);
for (const framework of frameworks) {
await page.goto(`patterns/slider/${framework}/demo/`);
await getSlider(page).first().waitFor();
await waitForHydration(page);
const slider = getSliderByLabel(page, 'Volume');
await slider.click();
await expect(slider).toBeFocused();
// Test Home (to reset to known value after click)
await slider.press('Home');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '0');
// Test ArrowRight
await slider.press('ArrowRight');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '1');
// Test End
await slider.press('End');
await expect(slider).toHaveAttribute('aria-valuenow', '100');
}
});
});Running Tests
# Run unit tests for Slider
npm run test -- slider
# Run E2E tests for Slider (all frameworks)
npm run test:e2e:pattern --pattern=slider
# Run E2E tests for specific framework
npm run test:e2e:react:pattern --pattern=slider
npm run test:e2e:vue:pattern --pattern=slider
npm run test:e2e:svelte:pattern --pattern=slider
npm run test:e2e:astro:pattern --pattern=sliderTesting Tools
- Vitest(opens in new tab)- Test runner for unit tests
- Testing Library(opens in new tab)- Framework-specific testing utilities
- Playwright(opens in new tab)- Browser automation for E2E tests
- axe-core(opens in new tab)- Accessibility testing engine
See the Testing Strategy guide for details.
/**
* Slider Astro Component Tests using Container API
*
* These tests verify the initial server-rendered HTML of Slider.astro.
* Web Component behavior (keyboard, pointer, value/valuetext updates and the
* valuechange event) is covered by E2E tests in e2e/slider.spec.ts.
*
* @see https://docs.astro.build/en/reference/container-reference/
*/
import { experimental_AstroContainer as AstroContainer } from 'astro/container';
import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from 'vitest';
import { JSDOM } from 'jsdom';
import Slider from './Slider.astro';
describe('Slider (Astro Container API)', () => {
let container: AstroContainer;
beforeEach(async () => {
container = await AstroContainer.create();
});
async function renderSlider(props: Record<string, unknown> = {}): Promise<Document> {
const html = await container.renderToString(Slider, { props });
return new JSDOM(html).window.document;
}
// 🔴 High Priority: HTML Structure
describe('HTML Structure', () => {
it('renders apg-slider custom element wrapper', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('apg-slider')).not.toBeNull();
});
it('passes range settings to the Web Component via data attributes', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ min: 10, max: 50, step: 2, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const element = doc.querySelector('apg-slider');
expect(element?.getAttribute('data-min')).toBe('10');
expect(element?.getAttribute('data-max')).toBe('50');
expect(element?.getAttribute('data-step')).toBe('2');
});
it('sets data-large-step to step * 10 when largeStep is not provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ step: 2, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('apg-slider')?.getAttribute('data-large-step')).toBe('20');
});
it('sets data-large-step to largeStep when provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ largeStep: 5, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('apg-slider')?.getAttribute('data-large-step')).toBe('5');
});
it('sets data-format when format is provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ format: '{value}%', 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('apg-slider')?.getAttribute('data-format')).toBe('{value}%');
});
it('sets the track position custom property from the initial value', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ defaultValue: 25, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const track = doc.querySelector<HTMLElement>('.apg-slider-track');
expect(track?.getAttribute('style')).toBe('--slider-position: 25%');
});
it('adds the vertical modifier class for vertical orientation', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ orientation: 'vertical', 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('.apg-slider')?.classList.contains('apg-slider--vertical')).toBe(
true
);
});
it('hides the fill element from assistive technology', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('.apg-slider-fill')?.getAttribute('aria-hidden')).toBe('true');
});
});
// 🔴 High Priority: ARIA Attributes
describe('ARIA Attributes', () => {
it('renders an element with role="slider"', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]')).not.toBeNull();
});
it('has aria-valuenow set to defaultValue', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ defaultValue: 50, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuenow')).toBe('50');
});
it('has aria-valuenow set to min when no defaultValue is given', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ min: 10, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuenow')).toBe('10');
});
it('has aria-valuemin="0" and aria-valuemax="100" by default', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuemin')).toBe('0');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuemax')).toBe('100');
});
it('has aria-valuemin and aria-valuemax set to the provided range', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ min: 1, max: 5, 'aria-label': 'Rating' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuemin')).toBe('1');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuemax')).toBe('5');
});
it('has aria-valuetext when valueText is provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({
defaultValue: 75,
valueText: '75 percent',
'aria-label': 'Volume',
});
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuetext')).toBe('75 percent');
});
it('has aria-valuetext built from format with value, min and max', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({
defaultValue: 3,
min: 1,
max: 5,
format: '{value} of {max}',
'aria-label': 'Rating',
});
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuetext')).toBe('3 of 5');
});
it('does not have aria-valuetext when neither valueText nor format is provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ defaultValue: 75, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.hasAttribute('aria-valuetext')).toBe(false);
});
it('has aria-disabled="true" when disabled', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ disabled: true, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-disabled')).toBe('true');
});
it('does not have aria-disabled when not disabled', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.hasAttribute('aria-disabled')).toBe(false);
});
it('has aria-orientation="vertical" for a vertical slider', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ orientation: 'vertical', 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-orientation')).toBe('vertical');
});
it('does not have aria-orientation for a horizontal slider', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ orientation: 'horizontal', 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.hasAttribute('aria-orientation')).toBe(false);
});
});
// 🔴 High Priority: Accessible Name
describe('Accessible Name', () => {
it('has aria-label when provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-label')).toBe('Volume');
});
it('has aria-labelledby when provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ 'aria-labelledby': 'external-label' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-labelledby')).toBe('external-label');
});
it('references the visible label via aria-labelledby when label is provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ label: 'Brightness' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
const labelId = slider?.getAttribute('aria-labelledby') ?? '';
expect(doc.getElementById(labelId)?.textContent?.trim()).toBe('Brightness');
});
it('does not set aria-label when a visible label is provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ label: 'Brightness', 'aria-label': 'Ignored' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.hasAttribute('aria-label')).toBe(false);
});
it('has aria-describedby when provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ 'aria-label': 'Volume', 'aria-describedby': 'volume-help' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-describedby')).toBe('volume-help');
});
});
// 🔴 High Priority: Focus Management
describe('Focus Management', () => {
it('has tabindex="0" on the thumb', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('tabindex')).toBe('0');
});
it('has tabindex="-1" on the thumb when disabled', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ disabled: true, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('tabindex')).toBe('-1');
});
});
// 🟡 Medium Priority: Initial Value Normalization
describe('Initial Value Normalization', () => {
it('clamps defaultValue below min to min', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({
defaultValue: -10,
min: 0,
max: 100,
'aria-label': 'Volume',
});
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuenow')).toBe('0');
});
it('clamps defaultValue above max to max', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({
defaultValue: 150,
min: 0,
max: 100,
'aria-label': 'Volume',
});
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuenow')).toBe('100');
});
it('rounds defaultValue to the nearest step', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ defaultValue: 53, step: 5, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuenow')).toBe('55');
});
it('rounds a decimal defaultValue without floating-point error', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({
defaultValue: 0.1 + 0.2,
min: 0,
max: 1,
step: 0.1,
'aria-label': 'Opacity',
});
const slider = doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]');
expect(slider?.getAttribute('aria-valuenow')).toBe('0.3');
});
});
// 🟡 Medium Priority: Visual Display
describe('Visual Display', () => {
it('shows the value when showValue is true', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ defaultValue: 75, showValue: true, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('.apg-slider-value')?.textContent?.trim()).toBe('75');
});
it('shows the formatted value when format is provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({
defaultValue: 75,
format: '{value}%',
'aria-label': 'Volume',
});
expect(doc.querySelector('.apg-slider-value')?.textContent?.trim()).toBe('75%');
});
it('hides the value display from assistive technology', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ defaultValue: 75, 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('.apg-slider-value')?.getAttribute('aria-hidden')).toBe('true');
});
it('does not render the value when showValue is false', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({
defaultValue: 75,
showValue: false,
'aria-label': 'Volume',
});
expect(doc.querySelector('.apg-slider-value')).toBeNull();
});
it('renders the visible label text when label is provided', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ label: 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('.apg-slider-label')?.textContent?.trim()).toBe('Volume');
});
});
// 🟢 Low Priority: HTML Attribute Inheritance
describe('HTML Attributes', () => {
it('sets the id attribute on the thumb', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ id: 'my-slider', 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('[role="slider"]')?.id).toBe('my-slider');
});
it('applies a custom class to the container', async () => {
const doc = await renderSlider({ class: 'custom-class', 'aria-label': 'Volume' });
expect(doc.querySelector('.apg-slider')?.classList.contains('custom-class')).toBe(true);
});
});
});Resources
- WAI-ARIA APG: Slider Pattern(opens in new tab)
- MDN: <input type="range"> element(opens in new tab)
- AI Implementation Guide (llm.md)(opens in new tab) - ARIA specs, keyboard support, test checklist